Age of Progress essays

Age of Progress essays During the time period of 1200 to 1500, a vast society in Europe was emerging from the Middle Ages and was beginning to grow towards the period of the Renaissance. This period encountered numerous problems, such as in lifestyle, growth, disease, and environment. Despite these problems, however, Europe was able to flourish and experienced achievements, such as new inventions, rights for lower classes, and great learning. Although Europe underwent many significant problems, it was able to thrive with accomplishments. Europeans endured problems and achievements in lifestyles and population. In the beginning of the Renaissance, around 1200, most peasants were serfs on manors to wealthy lords. Because serfs only got a portion of the harvest they reaped, so there was little desire for new technology that would bring in more harvest. However, this lead to a lack of food as population grew. The Great Famine of 1315-1317 led many to lead lives with starvation. Along with starvation, the Black Death started to take its toll in the struggling European area. Originally developed in the area of the Mongols and carried with their invasions into China, the Bubonic Plague was then spread into Europe by traders, and then from city to city by fleas and rats. This wiped out large portions of the population. Because of the epidemic, there were fewer laborers, and they were able to demand higher pay. There were numerous peasant revolts, and slowly serfdom was mostly eliminated. Wages were raised and gui lds were formed. People also had to find technology to replace laborers. Common developments include the water wheel and the windmill. Problems in lifestyles and populations were strong but helped bring about great accomplishments. The population change that Europe endured affected the environment. More people needed more land to live and farm on. To create this farmland, swamps were drained and many forests were c ...

Word Choice Effect vs. Affect - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Effect vs. Affect - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Effect vs. Affect Despite the fact that effect is usually a noun and affect is primarily a verb, many people confuse these words. To avoid making this mistake, you should try to learn which is which. Luckily, this is fairly straightforward. Effect The word effect is usually a noun and means consequence or result. It can be used in a sentence like this: The effects of sun damage are long lasting. Effects can also sometimes mean personal items, as in I will gather my effects and then we can go. You should be able to discern the correct meaning from the context. Less commonly, effect can be used as a verb meaning cause to happen, such as in: The changes were effected throughout the company. Affect The word affect is usually a verb, meaning change or influence. For example: New strings on a violin affect the quality of the tone produced. It can also be used to describe emotional response, as in: He was deeply affected by what he saw. As a related noun, affect refers to the observable manifestations of an emotion, but this is mostly confined to psychology. Be aware that the word affected can mean put on a display or pretend something. If someone doesnt want to show that they are offended, for instance, we might say that they affected a show of nonchalance to hide their real feelings. Effect or Affect? These terms are confusing because they sound so similar and both can be used when discussing a change. The vital thing to remember here is that effect is usually a noun and affect is typically a verb. As such, if youre referring to the change itself, the term youll need is effect (e.g., the effects of stress can be devastating to your health). On the other hand, if youre referring to the act of causing a change, the word youll usually need is affect (e.g., stress can seriously affect your health).

Canadaian Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadaian Studies - Assignment Example Although the nation has been doing fine without the law, some quotas have taken advantage of this laxity and have involved in murderous activities in praising the abortion. In the past 11 years of great experimentation without the law, it has been revealed that, although there is no law against abortion, doctors and women have exercised the right to abortion responsibly, without the need for any legal restrictions since their conscience do not allow them to do so (Marshall, 1988). Due to lack of the laws and regulation restricting abortion, Canadian citizens, especially doctors have had a share of difficulties in attempting to deliver accessible abortion services to women in part of the world that illegalizes abortion. Unfortunately, semi-skilled legislators who cannot support the improvement women’s access to safe and legal abortion currently govern some parts of Canada (Marshall, 1988). The access to medical and healthy abortion has also been hindered by bigger size of the country, least populated nation according to its size. This has made it difficult to the country to make available abortion services to Canadian women (Marshall, 1988). Furthermore, the government does not fund several abortions clinics thus forcing women to attend hospitals abortion services. Unfortunately, Canadian hospitals are not the easiest or most reassuring places to acquire an abortion (Marshall, 1988). A second problem resulting from the lack of anti-abortion law is anti-choice harassment and violence to Canadian women and doctors in other parts of the world. For example, three Canadian abortion specialists have been shot dead in the last 5 years, by American terrorist who is anti-abortion. Some of the Canadian citizens especially, women have been deported back to Canada for practicing abortion in cultures and nations that have strict laws limiting abortion. The country also had had poor

Influence of Cultural Knowledge in Human Resource Management Essay

Influence of Cultural Knowledge in Human Resource Management - Essay Example The paper studies the influence of cultural knowledge in Human Resource Management. Culture plays a vital role in any organization. The understanding of culture involves both external and internal elements. To nurture a strong corporate culture within an organization, the human resource department must invest time into activities which would develop the basic understanding of the organization into the minds of the employees. The human resource department itself carries the role of molding the employees into a commodity for the company. Many different aspects and practices are explored to bring into light the problems that the human resource department faces with employees and the cultural diversity that comes with them. The response of how fresh graduates and professional human resource managers was tested. The results showed that the understanding of human resource managers showed because of their experience in the field. The time that had been spent working showed that they underst ood the mindset of individuals that they interviewed and how those individuals would have adapted into the culture of the organization. Further the difference of how society affects the individuals applying for jobs and how it impacts their thinking process. Further discussion on how human resource practices could improve the workspace. The best way for an organization to excel is to build a strategy which differs from that of any competitors in the market. One factor that could be used to influence positive performance and to build a great strategy would be to focus on the understanding of culture. Culture itself plays an important role in leading to the success of a firm. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). The Human Resource moreover functions in creating a shape or change that enforces the corporate culture. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). To serve the human resource function and to emit the gap between Human Resource business planning or even to bring about a basic understanding of cultural awareness, one is required to understand that importance that culture brings in a firm’s success. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). â€Å"Culture defines the proper way to think, act and behave within an organization.† (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005) Understanding culture helps new individuals, who join an organization, fit into the environment without any problems. These people tend to be the most successful in the work environment because of how easily they can relate to their work environment and the people that they work with. The ones in the organization who choose not to do things in a proper way often are relieved of their positions within a time period decided by the human resource department. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). The culture of an organization is mostly set by its top management who decides what is right and what is wrong in a firm’s workspace. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). This culture that has been created is seen by leaders at a competitive advantage over its competitors. Culture helps an organization adapt with its external environment because of how important it is for its internal integration. (HR Impact on Corporate Culture, 2005). Often when a new individual joins an organization he has no understanding of the culture that pertains to exist there. With time the individual develops to understand this and generally finds this difficult to fit in. The factor that affects human resource management of most is national culture. (Dimba, 2007). This problem can usually cause inefficiency and lead the individual to fall behind in work. The end

Most Significant Events During World War II Essay

Most Significant Events During World War II - Essay Example I think that this event achieved the intended goals. William Schneider stated that "Suburban growth is not likely to end anytime soon.† and I fully concur. Years have passed and more communities and homes have urbanized (Martin, 1979). In 1950s, the suburbs’ homes were single story-ranch styled residences, but the houses now are 2, 4, or still yet 4 story mansions. Automobiles also made the suburbs reachable. In the midcentury, the automobile background defined America in many ways. Henry Ford was behind the reason why suburbs developed the way they did in the year 1953. His inventive plan of making cars lessened manufacturing expenses thus decreasing the retail cost for clients. This made the life of suburbs easy because they could go to work every day and return. The government also played a considerable role in this development; they provided financial support and loans to people who were willing to move to newly designed suburbs. They encouraged the movement from the city; the federal legislation came up with an inexpensive method where people were allowed to build a new house outside the city instead of developing a pre-existing house inside the city (Gilbert, 2004). Some of the earliest and most well-known suburbs in the post war period were the Levittown developments. Civil Rights and the Crisis of Liberalism: (1947-1969) Greatly walled out from 1950s success; Latinos and African-Americans, fought to acquire the freedoms denied from them through rampant racial discrimination. When the civil-rights movement began to blossom, young, fairly wealthy baby-boomers spread the revolt to other sets of American life (Genovese, 1993). Their fundamental goals at times collided with Lyndon Johnson’s liberal policy of making use of federal... This essay stresses that as aggravation mounted during the era of limits, conservatives struggled to reinstate customary religious and social principles. Ronald Reagan had a program to decrease government regulations, increase military spending, and lessen taxes. A recent conservative Supreme Court set restrictions on government involvement in the matters to do with social rights, abortion, and the church/state division. However as the national arrears rose more and a depression deepened, electorates reined in the conservative association. This report makes a conclusion that the U.S. has the vitality and the strength to carry on shaping this world. America is a world leader but in many cases, it has failed the world. U.S. ought to prevail over its political dysfunction and re-orient its strategy. If U.S. does not come up with better strategies, in the next ten years, their economy will stagnate or decline and their political climate will not improve either. Am sure most America citizens know that their economy is gradually collapsing due to of enormous trade arrears, white-collar jobs outsource, unbalanced budget, wavering housing market and increasing national debt. The wars in both Afghanistan and Iraq are adding more monetary demands to their economy. If this continues, United States can go bankrupt in a-few years. Drastic measures ought to be carried out but politicians are virtually doing nothing. In ten years, I do not anticipate any changes with America unless different strategies are implemented.

The Limitations Of High Rise Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

The Limitations Of High Rise Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay The purpose of this report is to illustrate the limitations faced when planning, designing or constructing a high-rise Building. This report will explore the background of high-rise buildings, including their origins and technological advancements. It will bring to light any technical aspects pertaining to the limitation of high-rise buildings, such as materials and available technology. This report will also inform the reader of any professional involvement of both engineering and non-engineering careers, as well as bringing to light any social, cultural or heritage issues such as Indigenous participation. Furthermore this report will demonstrate any Ethical or Economical issues which may have an impact on the planning, designing or construction of a high-rise Building. Lastly it will discuss where High-rise Buildings may take us in the future and give insight to changes that may occur due to High-rise Buildings. Report Introduction Since man first started building high-rises, there has always been a limit on how high we can build them. As the years go on and as technology improves the limits to high-rise buildings height has been constantly broken and higher buildings have been made, BUT limits still exist. It is important to know why we have limits to building high-rise buildings and it is just as important knowing just what some of these limits are. Therefore research has been conducted and compiled and a report has been put together. This report is about the limits to building high-rise buildings the report will outline: The involvement of both engineering and non-engineering professionals Social/cross cultural/indigenous issues Ethical issues Economic issues These are the 4 topics that will be discussed in the report, along with a brief background of the limits and some technical aspects of topics. The report will also make sum conclusions as to what is believed to where the limits may lead us in the future or high-rise buildings. Unfortunately the report will not be covering many other issues to limits in high rise buildings as there are many, many reasons limiting high rise buildings. 1.0 Background to High-Rise Limitations Abstract The construction of high-rise buildings has been and always will be greatly limited. The provision of this section of the report is to provide the background information on why construction was so limited. Several major limits that were broken will be discussed. Also discussed will be the inventions and/or processes which were used to break them. Introduction There are many factors that limit man from building great structures however many of these limits have already being broken and will continue to be surpassed. Throughout history man has built some great structures like The Great Pyramid of Giza and the Two Towers of Bologna. The Pyramid of Giza built in the 26th century BC was formally known as the tallest structure in the world. Standing 146m above ground its height was not exceeded for thousands of years. Although these great structures existed for thousands of years, tall buildings that were continuously habitable did not exist until the late 1800s. After the late 1800s buildings that blew the minds of men began to appear. These buildings include; Empire State Building of New York, The Q1 on the gold coast, and now the tallest building in the world, The Khalifa Tower of Dubai which stands 828m above ground. Significant Changes to Highrise Buildings The worlds first iron framed building was the Oriel Chambers in Liverpool built in 1864; it was only five stories high as elevators had not yet been invented yet [4]. This was a reason why construction was so limited before the mid 1800s. It seemed that the higher the office building the cheaper it was to rent because it was impractical for inhabitants to walk a great number of stairs. The first building to include an elevator was the Equity Assurance Building of New York built in 1870. Once the elevator was implemented, suddenly the top stories were more valuable than the lower stories. And now you can get higher rents on the top stories because they are quieter, there is better light, and they are away from the noise and dirt of the street [1]. The invention and inclusion of the elevator in construction greatly influenced the skylines of every major city in the world. Vertical architecture would be impossible, first of all, without the elevator, the great equalizer of civilization, which . . . by excessively rapid express service, makes the twentieth floor scarcely more difficult to access than the third. . . . Without [the elevator] its chief merit [of the tall building] would be gone; without it its upper stories would be as inaccessible as a mountaintop. [2] Skelton and Conventional Construction Methods Even though the elevator now eliminated the hassle of stairs and allowed for growth of buildings the height of buildings was still limited because of the method of construction used. In ordinary methods of building, the higher the wall the thicker it must be at its lower parts, a hefty area of a valuable lot in the tight inner-city must be surrendered to enormously thick walls [3]. Architect William Le Baron Jenney was the first to use a load-bearing structural frame which supported the entire weight of the walls. This was the beginning of the Steel Skeleton Construction method of building. This development led to the construction of the first skyscraper being ten stories high. The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, built in 1885. Even though the building stood tall many people were scared and didnt believe in the idea at all. Four years later an architect named Bradford Gilbert believed in the idea and designed the Tower Building in New York using the skeleton method. There were al ready buildings which were taller than the tower building however they were not built on block of land which seemed greatly inadequate. With the construction of the tower building Bradford Gilbert convinced people and architects in New York that this method of construction was feasible. The Skeleton method of construction solved the problem of economizing space in the lower floors of high and narrow buildings and was used all over the world. As land diminishes in the inner-city the tend is to build upwards. Lack of land in the inner city is great factor which limits the construction of high rise buildings. The skeleton method of construction helped solve this problem to a certain extent however with todays knowledge and understanding the lack of land in the inner-city will always limit the height of construction. Construction There are still many limits which man has not yet surpassed, however as seen from this section of the report some inventions came along which completely changed the standard of construction. With the invention of the elevator the corporate world was turned on its head as tall buildings were now accessible and now the higher you go the more expensive it is, where as it used to be the opposite. The higher you went the cheaper it was. The skeleton method of construction revolutionised the construction world. It allowed for buildings to grow hundreds of metres in the air while using minimal area on the ground. 2.0 Technical Aspects Pertaining to the Limitations of High Rise Buildings 2.1 Introduction High rise mega structures have forever plagued the thoughts of mankind, from the beginning of the technological age we have marvelled at our own achievements forever striving to build bigger, better and higher in an effort to reach for the stars. Tall buildings in modern society bestow many great attributes however as we continue to construct a more cumbersome empire of mega structures we will face many new technical obstacles to overcome. 2.2 Possible Risks Many technical factors influence our ability to build greater structures. Environmental and human disasters such as; earthquakes, fires, hurricanes and terrorism supply great difficulty while scientific breakthroughs in materials, mechanics and methodology prove to be either impractical, ineffective or unachievable at this time [4]. External forces are a major concern we must face when designing our high rises. One of the most important concerns to consider when designing high rises is their ability to withstand lateral forces imposed by things like strong winds, hurricanes and earthquakes [5]. 2.3 Strengths and Technologies The strength of modern materials surprisingly is not a major factor in the development of high rise buildings. Steel is strong enough to support structures 10 km or taller while advanced composites can support structures much greater again. Certain mechanical implementations such as massive suspended tuned pendulum dampers can be utilised in tall buildings to counteract the environmental rigors of high wind and impending earthquakes [6]. High rises are not only a distinguishing symbol of prestige but they also prove to be excellent at accommodating a large mass of people in a relatively small area. In commercial terms this allows businesses to maintain close proximity with the central district of inner cities while reducing pressure on already densely populated urban localities [7]. 2.4 Threat of Terrorism As iconic and essential as these high rise structures may be, sometimes they can become the target of terrorism. One of the most historical events of this manner occurred on September 11th 2001 When the World Trade Centres in the United States were demolished after airliners were hijacked and sent on suicide missions killing over 3000 people [8]. 2.5 Conclusion To overcome these problems various technical innovations such as; security cameras, vehicle detection equipment and computer identification checks can be utilised as well as organic, inorganic and metal x-ray detection systems. While technical defence and prevention systems such as these do help to prevent terrorism, modern security systems are still limited by current technologies. 3.0 The Involvement of both Engineering and Non-Engineering professions 3.1 Introduction As this project will effect many individuals in the aspect of employment and work it is vitally important to specify who will be effected and how. Although a big project such as a high-rise building will provide a large scale of jobs, there is always the risk that the construction/finished project could permanently damage someone elses business. As a result careful planning must be taken to ensure minimal harm is done to private business. 3.2 Engineering/Tradesmen Professions High-rise buildings are great opportunities for steady work for hundreds of professions. Some of these professions include engineers, builders, architects and various tradesmen jobs. As the specific project looks to challenge the limited heights of high-rise buildings it can be assumed that it would provide a great deal of jobs throughout the construction and development. As this is a field of work which has been hit reasonably hard by the recent global economic crisis, this project would be greatly beneficial to the workers and contractors involved. 3.3 Non-Engineering Professions Small business has an important role in local and regional economies, and collectively they contribute to the Australian economy. Many small businesses exist in inner city networks, which are areas prone to expansion and development, such as high-rise buildings. Many depend on easy access from roads as the primary means to transport goods and services and to link to other small businesses. Small businesses need to know about construction in the area which could impact on their profession [9]. Before construction takes place it is the responsibility of the engineering company to ensure a community liaison contacts and notifies the surrounding businesses of the high-rise plans. It is also then the community liaisons task to answer any concerns or queries, as a result of development, regarding the businesses viability. These could include; loss of revenue, loss of customers, loss of/or restricted access for customers, disruptions to the delivery of goods and services, noise, visual and air pollution and lastly the potential for increased crime due to loss of visibility. It is vitally important to gain the support of private businesses, so any contact must be carefully planned first. 3.4 Construction and Development During construction there is always the possibility of complaints regarding noise levels, obstruction and inconvenience. To ensure these matters are dealt with appropriately, engineering/construction firms provide adequate signage around the worksite referring the public as to whom to contact. Companies are also required to display signage before construction takes place, to allow time for any complaints or queries to be dealt with. By taking these steps engineering/construction companies can not be held accountable for any future complaints. 3.5 Conclusion The construction of large high-rise buildings can have impacts on both engineering and non engineering professions. It is vital to take precautions, before initiating construction, to notify any and all non-engineering professions effected of the possible changes which will be taking place. For this reason liaisons must be employed to establish an effective working communication and to answer any concerns private business could have. 4.0 Social/ Cultural/ Indigenous Issues 4.1 Introduction In every instance of construction it is vitally important to thoroughly cover the issue of public and cultural negotiations and communications. Careful precautions must be taken from the very start of planning the project, to ensure that everyones opinion is heard and concern answered. Both governmental and private corporations employ teams of people to guarantee that community engagement is correctly achieved. 4.2 Cultural Heritage Overview A primary concern is that of cultural heritage, specifically towards indigenous peoples. Under that heritage protection act, engineering firms must take care that they do not damage or disturb any landscape that could be considered of indigenous importance. Indigenous Australians make up for about 2.7 percent of the population (77.4% aboriginal and 22.6% Torres Strait islanders) [10]. Land and sea are very important to their cultures and connectivity to country is central to peoples lives. Legislation requires companies to engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders on indigenous cultural heritage matters. When engaging with indigenous Australians, it is important to plan a communiquà © before addressing the community. Past experiences with public officials has left many indigenous communities with a sense of frustration and powerlessness. As a result certain communities may not want be supportive and or cooperate with the company. The main steps in planning and engagement activity are imperative. Theses steps include, researching and knowing about the community, understanding its history and acknowledging their diversity and connection to land and sea. 4.3 Construction and Development During the development and construction stage of the high-rise it is essential to make certain that no elements of indigenous importance are damaged. This is achieved by taking several precautionary measures. As Indigenous peoples have a right to oversee the project, a monitor, whose primary concern is recognizing and evaluating artifacts of importance must be hired. Indigenous Monitors have the authority to postpone and hold up projects for extended periods of time, until the landscape can be deemed safe to build on [11]. Another measure which must be taken under the Heritage Protection Act is notifying the Contractor that he or she shall be responsible for the management of indigenous cultural heritage artifacts while construction is underway. It is also the Contractors duties to ensure that all staff related to the project has attended a Cultural Heritage Induction Course. 4.4 Social/Community Issues As well as being considerate to Indigenous peoples it is equally important to be considerate towards the general public. Before Building a High-Rise building it is the companies responsibility to notify the public that construction is going to be underway. This can be achieved using tools such as; flyers, TV advertisements, letterbox drop/direct mail and or website information. After the public has been properly alerted, they have the option to notify their city council about any concerns or complaints that they might have regarding the project. 4.5 Conclusion Before commencing any construction project it is vital to deliver all necessary information to the key stakeholders and if possible gather their support. Adequate planning and preparation must be done before the project initiates and planning must be relevant to the community which is to be engaged. Care must also be taken to guarantee not to damage or violate any potential places of importance regarding indigenous Australians, during construction. 5.0 Ethical Limitations to High-Rise Buildings 5.1 Introduction With todays population only ever increasing the trend is to build upward. Throughout the planning and construction stages of high-rise buildings there are many limitations that affect the end products in which we see today. One of these limitations is the ethical issues involving high-rise building which revolve around the safety, the environment and the community. These issues must be carefully thought about and investigated before the building can begin. 5.2 Community A limiting factor in the production of high-rises can often be the community. When plans go into council, the community also gets a say. Allowing the community to get a say in what goes ahead and what doesnt can bring about large restrictions to high-rise buildings. Some issues that limit high-rise buildings, due to the community may include the use of the building and the look of the building. These two issues can become entwined in a communities decision making process, where depending on the ethical view point expressed by the community as a whole, these viewpoints include, Kantianism, Utilitarianism, human rights, environmental ethical. A community might take a utilitarianism point of view when approving a high-rise if the building does not fit the council guidelines although brings about beneficial use to the community. Some council departments have put in place restrictions on buildings to stop them being built past a certain height in order to keep a community in a certain man ner. As stated in the Byron Environmental Planning and Assessment act 1979, Byron Local Environment plan 1988, [12] The council must not consent to the erection of any building if the floor of the topmost floor level of the building exceeds 7.5 metres above the existing ground level, or, the vertical distance between the topmost part of the building and the existing ground level below exceeds 11.5 metres. This shows that Council departments have 5.3 Environmental Issues When considering high-rise buildings the effects that the high-rise would have on the environment must be thoroughly investigated, as it would have limitations as to how high the building can go. The waste produced by the building as a day to day product will impact greatly on the environment. The higher the building is generally means the more people it can accommodate for, although with the number of people that would use the building rising, so does the waste they produce. With things such as rubbish and sewage it is important that there is adequate systems in place, where the building is going to be located that are able to deal with these issues. Such as that the sewers will be able to accommodate for the amount of sewage that is produced. Due to the amount of people that would use a high-rise building there is a lot of energy needed to keep the building running. This impacts on the environment as with the creation of energy comes the creation of green house gasses and the waste produced in making the energy. With the trend to build upward increasing, there are various strategies being invented and put into action to accommodate for the need for energy, these strategies are to limit the amount of environmental impact a building would have, there for allowing buildings to be built higher and higher. Studies have shown that through using energy conserving measures on a 20 story building can cut its energy consumption down to less than half its original usage. The issue with using these measures is that they often require some investment throughout the building stages, as materials can often cost more and take longer install, although in the long run would save owners and occupants of the building a lot of money. Taking a Utilitarianism view on this would allow the energy conserving measures to be put in place throughout construction, knowing that it would cost more but work out better in the end (end justifies the means). Where as Kantianism ethical views wo uld possibly not put them in place as it would cost more throughout the building stages (means justifies the end). Plans are currently underway for extreme energy conservation measures in high-rise buildings, with a revolving tower planned to be built in Dubai see fig 5.31. This tower, powered by wind turbines, can not only generate enough energy to power itself but can also generate enough energy to power 10 other buildings similarly sized [13]. With such engineering advancements, in the future limits to high-rises caused by environmental ethical issues will be decreased. Although Personal ethical views often clash with environmental views, such as Energy generating high-rises versus wildlife reserve. Fig 5.31 A computer generated image of the towers ability to physically move 5.4 Congestion Issues One of the issues limiting high-rise buildings is congestion caused by the building. Most high-rises are planned to be built in already congested areas so whilst they are being built issues of space can impact on the construction of the building. As various cranes and machinery is necessary to construct them there must be adequate space to cater for such things. It is important that through the construction of high-rises that the effect on the public is kept to a minimum. Congestion can also be an issue once the building has been built such that various amounts of people may be trying to access the building, bringing in large amounts of traffic on the street. When the building is being designed it is necessary to make sure that building has adequate parking options to make sure it can accommodate for the influx of traffic that it would bring. There are also congestion problems with the amount of people that are around the building on a daily basis, footpaths and public transport must be able to accommodate for the influx of people on the already existing foot traffic. These issues must be accommodated for before the building is built and can often cause high-rises to be limited to how high they go, in certain areas. 5.5 Safety Issues Safety can limit high-rise buildings throughout both the construction stages and once again when the building has been built. The safety of workers is highly important when building such large building and can also limit the height of the building. If something cannot be done safely then it should not be done. All workers have the right to refuse a job if they think its unsafe, this comes under the basic human rights ethic. When working with heights the risk level rises immensely, and all aspects need to be looked at to ensure the safety of both the works and the public around the construction site. Safety is a big concern in high rise building, when they are being designed they need to be designed to withstand various natural disasters, such as earthquakes, storms and floods. It is necessary to design a building to withstand or minimally destruct through these disasters. Even if doing so means that they are limited to how high they can stand. Because it is impossible to make high-ri se buildings invincible, through the design process buildings are designed to keep their destruction to a minimal in the event of a disaster, this takes a Utilitarianism view, where actions are to be judged right or wrong solely on the virtue of their consequences, it would be better for a building get damaged in a disaster with human injury kept to a minimum. In 1978 shortly after construction the structural engineer behind the Citicorp building discovered a fatal floor in its design, realising that the building was vastly unsafe [14]. Whilst reviewing the design of the building in order to design one similar. This fatal floor was that the original butt weld designs used for the joints on the wind bracing system were replaced with a bolt design due to economic reason. After reviewing the forces that the joints were designed to withstand it was evident that they were only deigned to withstand a 16 year storm, whereas it was an understanding that the building was able to withstand a 50 year storm. William Le Messurier, of Cambridge, Mass., was lauded for his ethical conduct, as he proceeded to notify the architect, his client and the building owner that a remedial scheme must be undertaken immediately before the risk of high winds in the fall hurricane season in New York City. A solution was found and the building was brought up to scratch. See figure 5.51, it is evident that if this issue was not dealt with then if the building came down then it would have caused massive death and destruction. This shows good ethical decision making and a utilitarianism point of view. Safety often limits high-rise buildings, if correct ethical guidelines are not followed throughout the design and construction then it can often result in death and destruction. Fig 5.51 City Corp Building Circled in Red 5.6 Conclusion In conclusion it is evident that there are many Ethical issues limiting the construction of high-rise buildings. These issues can come from a range of reasons such as the community, environment, congestion and safety. It is through good ethical principles used by Engineers in todays society that these issues can be overcome and accommodated for in order to brake the boundarys that are holding our high-rises down, whilst still keeping everyone happy. 6.0 Economical issues associated with high rise buildings 6.1 Introduction High rise buildings are typically commercial, or residential. When building a high-rise building there are certain economical issues that arise, such issues are, Business, Financial, Health and Political just to name a few, this can be described as economic imperialism. 6.2 Business Economics Business economics, is closely linked to the economy, for a high-rise building to be made the business would be looking into making it in a city area rather than making one in a rural area, this is because not many people live in a rural area and getting jobs filled for the business can hinder the business growth of a high-rise. High-rise buildings are a standout and might be targeted by terrorists. A huge building being destroyed could have a major impact on the local business economy for example The World Trade Centre was a target for a terrorist attack. Another business factor into building a residential high-rise (apartments) would be the amount of people seeking accommodation [15]. The business economy relies on people consuming the product whether it be insurance or accommodation etc. Therefore this means building a high-rise building will create allot of jobs and boost the local economy a bit, if the product that is being sold is not in demand i.e. The high-rise is an accommod ation hotel built in a rural area with little visitors. The Business will lose money and eventually go bust. Therefore the business limits of the size of the high-rise are limited by the economy. 6.3 Financial Economics Financial economics is the allocation and deployment of economic resources, both spatially and across time, in an uncertain environment [16]. What this means is the way the resources of a company are spent to increase business is always a risk and the financial decisions made will have an affect over time on a business. The need to spend money to make money. For some companies that are investing in the future look into building a high-rise as a financial risk. Finance is the biggest limiting factor when building as high-rise out of all economical factors. This is because high-rise buildings cost allot of money to build, and once built allot of money to maintain. FMV(future monetary value), the nominal future sum of money that a given sum of money is worth at a specified time in the future assuming a certain interest rate, or more generally, rate of return, it is the present value multiplied by the accumulation function. Knowledge of the future can reduce, or possibly eliminate, the u ncertainty of FMV. When building a high-rise they cost a lot of money to a business and are generally a risk that is made to increase asset value, knowledge of the future will decrease the risk associated with building a high-rise. One such knowledge is the height of the high-rise. Another financial burden is safety, and implementing safety in a high-rise building can be very costly, and the cost to maintain safety is costly. With safety comes the cost of security to prevent such things like attacks. Security/safety can have a direct impact on the financial future as they are an ongoing cost. 6.4 Health Economics Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to scarcity in allocation of health and health care. In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of the health care system and the private and social causes of health-affecting behaviours such as smoking. Health economics is mostly concerned with ethics, it is not ethical to have no health/safety at a high-rise. Health can limit high-rises by a fair bit, as it financially costs money to maintain the health of the employees/patrons. When building a high-rise it is very dangerous and many safety precautions must be implemented. People can die when building a high-rise, ethically this can have a big impact of the building of the high-rise if one worker was to be killed on the work site [17]. Health also requires a safe work environment for the employees, therefore a fire safety and other measures such as security need to be implemented, and these have a direct impact on the future income of the high-rise . Disability measures must be taking for disable people, this means elevators and/or alternative steps etc. Lastly a big cost is toilet facilities, the cost to maintain and to implement toilet facilities is a very costly process and one of the top costs this therefore limits high-rise buildings due to financial costs. 6.5 Political Economics Public choice in economic theory is the use of modern economic tools to study problems that are tradictionally in the province of political science. From the perspective of political science, it may be seen as the subset of positive political theory which deals with subjects in which material interests are assumed to predonminte. Basically this means that political economy is mainly concerned with the behaviour of politicians and government officials. To build a high-rise it first must be approved by officials, then the height of the building may be limited by the officials to. A high-rise is a generally a very tall building and if the local

Call of the Wild :: essays research papers

Call of the Wild BUCK, A POWERFUL DOG, half St. Bernard and half sheepdog, lives on Judge Miller’s estate in California’s Santa Clara Valley. He leads a comfortable life there, but it comes to an end when men discover gold in the Klondike region of Canada and a great demand arises for strong dogs to pull sleds. Buck is kidnapped by a gardener on the Miller estate and sold to dog traders, who teach Buck to obey by beating him with a club and, subsequently, ship him north to the Klondike. Arriving in the chilly North, Buck is amazed by the cruelty he sees around him. As soon as another dog from his ship, Curly, gets off the boat, a pack of huskies violently attacks and kills her. Watching her death, Buck vows never to let the same fate befall him. Buck becomes the property of Francois and Perrault, two mail carriers working for the Canadian government, and begins to adjust to life as a sled dog. He recovers the instincts of his wild ancestors: he learns to fight, scavenge for food, and sleep beneath the snow on winter nights. At the same time, he develops a fierce rivalry with Spitz, the lead dog in the team. One of their fights is broken up when a pack of wild dogs invades the camp, but Buck begins to undercut Spitz’s authority, and eventually the two dogs become involved in a major fight. Buck kills Spitz and takes his place as the lead dog. With Buck at the head of the team, Francois and Perrault’s sled makes record time. However, the men soon turn the team over to a mail carrier who forces the dogs to carry much heavier loads. In the midst of a particularly arduous trip, one of the dogs becomes ill, and eventually the driver has to shoot him. At the end of this journey, the dogs are exhausted, and the mail carrier sells them to a group of American gold hunters—Hal, Charles, and Mercedes. Buck’s new masters are inexperienced and out of place in the wilderness. They overload the sled, beat the dogs, and plan poorly. Halfway through their journey, they begin to run out of food. While the humans bicker, the dogs begin to starve, and the weaker animals soon die. Of an original team of fourteen, only five are still alive when they limp into John Thornton’s camp, still some distance from their destination.

Cost Vs. Care Essay

Cost by Day 3 your analysis and assessment of the ethical and economic challenges related to policy decisions such as those presented in the Washington Post article. How does this type of situation contribute to the tension between cost and care? Substantiate your response with at least two outside resources. Cost and Care in the US Kovner and Knickman (2011, p.280) suggested that health economist in the US used various methods to the measured value created by healthcare, the standard measure is the quality adjusted life years (QALY). The two factors whose product results in the QALY are 1) measure of the patient’s quality of life on a scale where 0.0 is essentially death, and the 1.0 is perfect health, and 2) the number of years the treatment will extend the person’s life. Applying QALY in the Provenge is by multiplying the value that is $93,000 with the number of extended months that are four. The product is $372,000 per quality adjusted life year. Provenge is just one of the expensive drugs that is utilized in the US and paid by government and other insurance. Herper (2010) reported that the most expensive drugs cost more than $200,000 a year. These are those that treat rare diseases, mostly genetic, which inflict to less than 10,000 patients. Example is the drug, Solaris, which cost $409,500 a year. This is a monoclonocal antibody drug that treats the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Another drug is Elaprase that cost $375,000 a year. This medicine treats an ultra-rare metabolic disorder called Hunter’s syndrome. The article also mentioned that the high cost of medicine is necessary to support the few patients who will ever need. I believe that for this reason, the cost for this drug is justifiable, but not in the case of the Provenge. American Cancer Society (2013) suggested that prostate cancer occurs mainly in older men; six cases in ten are diagnosed from ages 65 and older and rarely before age 40. While National Cancer Institute stated that the estimated new cases of prostate cancer in the United States in 2014 are 233,000 and estimated deaths are 29,480. These data defines that prostate cancer medications shouldn’t belong to the most expensive medication. At present, there is a $7,535 per capita spending in the US per year (Milstead, 20, p. 194). Emergence of expensive medications that will be approved by the government will increase this number. The government needs to develop programs that wi ll cut this cost  without sacrificing the necessary treatments needed by patients. One program can be giving incentives to companies that do researches and come up with an alternative and affordable drug for prostate cancer such as Prostvac-TRICOM, Ad/prostate-specific antigen vaccine Ad5-prostate-specific antigen and the DNA/prostatic acid phosphatase vaccines (Lubaroff, 2012). Ethically, everyone should be treated equally in healthcare. The four principles that are relevant for health care are respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice (McAdams, n.d.). The government uses the principles of respect for a person, beneficence and justice in approving expensive treatments and medications. The US government gives their respect by performing their duty as the healthcare provider and having a goal of 21st health care excellence. It provides beneficence by being kind and providing healthcare programs to below the poverty population; on individual with a particular disability; on veterans and their family; and, on the ageing population. It practices justice by creating a law that healthcare facility/agency cannot deny a treatment in emergency setting; and by sharing the cost of healthcare. Summary Cost versus care will always be a debate in the politics area. If we base all our actions through the principles of ethics, all necessary treatments should be delivered in the health system of the government. All patients should receive interventions for the treatment of disease and to prolong life as they wish to be. That is the reason we have the POLST, the Advance Directives and the Informed Consent. The government’s role is to source funding from everywhere to meet the needs of the patients. Funds may come from the shares of cost, from the co-pay, from the deductible, from the out of pocket, from the stocks and bonds, from â€Å"sin â€Å" taxes and other forms of taxes, and from other sources of investment for health funds. The government, at the same time, should regulate the companies or individuals that take advantage of the private, company and government insurance that demand a higher price of service or products. References: Cancer Society. (2013). What are the key statistics about prostate cancer? Retrieved from the http://www.cancer American.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-key-statisti

buy custom Research and Digital Communication essay

buy custom Research and Digital Communication essay Internet today has made work much easier. Anyone can find the information they need through the search engines at the click of a button (Gurak Lannon 2006). The internet has several search engines in which a person can use to access information. In this exercise, the search engines used are Google and Complete planet. First aid is the subject that I chose to research about on the internet. I used both Google and Complete planet to find information for first aid. While searching, comparisons were done on the results obtained, and the speed at which the results were retrieved. Google is more open than complete planet. That is, in Google home page, one only has to type in any word. On entering the subject title on Google, it gave any results for first aid. This information is from all sites found on the internet. While complete planet has topics already listed. Hence, to get information on first aid, one has to click on the related topic and follow the lead. Complete planet does not offer immediate answer as one has to keep following the closes link on the site. Using complete planet takes more time compared to Google. However, both search engines give information to guide the user to the net page. The speed on both Google and complete planet is fast. As observed on the mails on Yahoo, the following conclusions were realized. The mails sent to my inbox come immediately from the sender (Gurak Lannon 2006). The inbox receives as many messages as possible. All new messages are in a sequential order. I have to log in so that I can read the content of the mail. To log in I use my own private password. The e-mail account can be opened by anyone who has the password. Hence, the password is a secret. The e-mails do not seem to be restricted to grammar. The language used is informal. However, it is necessary for the owner of the e-mail to be keen when accessing e-mails. This is because information can easily be retrieved without your permission (Gurak Lannon 2006). Buy custom Research and Digital Communication essay

The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Research Paper Example

The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Research Paper Example The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Paper The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men George, especially foreshadows future problems between Lennie and Curleys wife because Lennie got into trouble in Weed from trying to touch a lady wearing a red dress. As the story progresses, we learn more about Curleys wife. We learn that her husband does not trust her with the other ranch workers, being isolated from the community in the ranch and because of that, must feel really despondent and alone. Curleys wife is given a reputation of creating trouble between the different characters in the novel. Most of the men in the ranch rarely sees females, only recognizing females who go to town to a whore-house. This then reveals the stereotypical view on women as that of a whore. Curleys wife states I never get to talk to anyone. I get awful lonely. This shows that being the only female leaves her with the lack of companionship especially when she is being disliked by other characters in the novel and not being truly loved by her husband. There is no mutual trust between Curley and his wife, as we see that he starts a fight when he thinks that there was something going on between his wife and Slim. We also learn the prejudice side of her when she goes to Crooks door on the Saturday night where everyone goes to town. From this we see the bitterness and seclusion in her. She knows that Curley has gone out to town, and this is when we get to see the reality of her life on the ranch. She enters Crooks room with the excuse of looking for Curley to talk to him, Lennie and Candy. When Crooks suggests that she go(es) along to your (her) own house and that they didnt want no trouble, she tries to convince them to talk to her and expresses her loneliness. Well, I aint giving you no trouble. Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? This then draws the readers sympathy towards her as we realize how forlorn she is, even being ostracized by Crooks, a Negro. However, the sympathy we have for her soon becomes washed away when she reveals the cruel side of her, intimidating people with her status. When Crooks told her to leave the room for the 2nd time, she gets angry and shows the contemptuousness she feels for Crooks, Lennie, and Candy, referring them as a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep. The situation worsens when she also threatens and reminds Crooks of his status as a Negro, removing Crooks pride and dignity, when he dares to demand her to leave his room. Listen, Nigger, You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This then causes the reader to recognize both the lonesome and malevolent side of her. She also mocks and puts people down when it comes to the dreams of other people. I seen too many of you guys. Dreams are a major reoccurring theme in the novel Of Mice and Men. When Lennie tells Curleys wife of his and Georges dream, she mocks them saying its Baloney. However, we then find out that she has a dream of her own, revealing the ambitious side of her. She indulges in a different fantasy, far less likely of fulfillment. As many young women do, she aspires to stardom in films. She claims to have met an actor when she was 15, and was being told that she was a natural in acting, but her mother forbade her to pursue her dream. This is shown when she says Well, a show come through, an I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show. But my ol lady wouldn let me. She says because I was ony fifteen. But the guy says I coulda. If Id went, I wouldnt be livin like this, you bet. From this it shows how unsatisfied she is with her mothers decision and how she really wished she had been able to pursue her dream. She thinks her talent is merely waiting for an opportunity and that her mother has stolen the letter which represents her chance for fame. Steinbeck describes precisely the small grand gesture with which she demonstrates to Lennie her supposed talent. This shows how nai ve she is to believe that her mother has stolen her contract, which was obviously never written. When she received no letter from the actor, she married Curley. However, she has always wanted to make some accomplishments and loved attention. Throughout the novel she constantly wanders around the ranch, creating trouble. When she was killed by Lennie, her dreams ended. Lennie, Candy and Curleys wife were not capable of having their dreams come true but stayed hopeful. From the many incidents that the characters in the novel encounter, it is shown how big dreams often cause tragedies and are sometimes unrealistic. In the novel as a whole, she is represented as the marginalized and disempowered part of society. She uses her status and power to intimidate people in the ranch. Overall, Curleys wife is presented as a flirtatious, lonely young woman who is very discontented with life. Readers who read the book would evoke sympathy for her because of her sad situation and cruel husband, but also dislike her because of her flirtatious and mean attitude. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Conflict and Stress in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict and Stress in Management - Essay Example Conflict and stress are two issues that can negatively affect the performance of an organization. Conflict occurs when two employees cannot agree on an issue (Collins & O'Rourke, 2009). This paper is a case study that involves two employees who cannot agree with each other on a production scheduling functions. Ralph is said to be proud since he has always handled the production scheduling in his head. However, the plant manager is looking to save on cost and increase the production efficiency. Kevin has a system that meets the manager’s needs. Ralph does not like the system since he wants to continue handling the scheduling as he has always done. He is at fault since he has refused to accept change in the organization. The issue, in this case, is that Ralph is not willing to accept change. He has been joined by other old workers who might feel that their positions are threatened by the changes being introduced. The best way to resolve this situation is to get Ralph to accept c hange. This can be achieved through effective communication. He should be sensitized about the need for such change. A compromising approach can be effective (Collins & O'Rourke, 2009). Ralph can be trained on how to use the computer systems. Both Kevin and Ralph can then be working together on the production schedule so that each one of them is partially satisfied. Conflict and stress cause poor performance in the organization. Therefore, managers should handle conflicts in the best way so as to avoid stress. In this case, the compromising approach can be effective.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Summary - Assignment Example Consent, for them, is not real consent. For other patients, having the opportunity to participate in a clinical trial was empowering. At the end of her study, Dr. Corrigan reflects that she will reconsider her own methods which are mainstream regarding informed consent. She believes her practice will improve because of this. Doctors clearly need to take into full account the ethical dimensions of their patients choices and consent. I found this to be a very interesting article. It was topical. I was especially interested in what Dr. Corrigan wrote in relation to pharmaceutical trials and companies. These days there is a lot of controversy over the political, medical, and cultural influence of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical companies. Because this is now a big business, people are concerned that certain ethical standards may be being replaced by a nasty business sense. There have been some accusations of influence on doctors and other health professionals through drug representatives and salespeople, including the giving of gifts to doctors, paying for and sponsoring conferences, for example. Doctors are often hired and paid to sit on the boards of various pharmaceutical companies thus providing an appearance of medical credibility to a company or product that may not independently possess it. The pharmaceutical industry also has thousands of lobbyists in Washington, D.C., that lobby Congress and try protec t their own interests and weaken laws that might limit their profit or make it more expensive and difficult to sale drugs. We need doctors to stand up and be ethical and to inform their patients about their involvement. Dr. Corrigan writes that when doctors request that patients participate in studies of a research nature, patients can feel manipulated or betrayed (781). This is a very negative consequence with ethical implications that must be considered from both the point of view of the patient and of the